Aprende Grupo Profesional

  Analogies in Admission Exams: The Hidden Language of Verbal Reasoning A deep academic analysis of analogies in admission exams as cognitive, cultural, and social devices of educational assessment. Introduction: when an apparently simple exercise determines life trajectories Analogies occupy a central place in many admission exams for higher and upper-secondary education. Presented as verbal reasoning exercises designed to assess general cognitive abilities, they are often perceived as technical, neutral test items devoid of ideological content. However, this perception is profoundly misleading. Analogies constitute far more than a linguistic challenge: they are institutionalized cognitive artifacts that condense historical assumptions about intelligence, merit, language, and educational legitimacy. From a critical perspective, analogies function as a hidden language within academic selection systems. Hidden not because they are intrinsically inaccessible, but because they r...

  Analogías en los exámenes de admisión: el  lenguaje oculto del razonamiento verbal Análisis académico profundo de las analogías en los exámenes de admisión como dispositivos cognitivos, culturales y sociales de evaluación educativa. Introducción: cuando un ejercicio aparentemente simple decide trayectorias de vida Las analogías ocupan un lugar central en numerosos exámenes de admisión a la educación superior y media superior. Presentadas como ejercicios de razonamiento verbal destinados a evaluar habilidades cognitivas generales, suelen percibirse como reactivos técnicos, neutrales y desprovistos de carga ideológica. Sin embargo, esta percepción resulta profundamente engañosa. Las analogías constituyen mucho más que un desafío lingüístico: son artefactos cognitivos institucionalizados que condensan supuestos históricos sobre la inteligencia, el mérito, el lenguaje y la legitimidad educativa. Desde una mirada crítica, las analogías funcionan como un lenguaje oculto den...

  Acid Rain: Environmental, Social, and Human  Causes and Consequences Introduction: Acid Rain as a Symptom of Industrial Modernity Acid rain constitutes one of the most revealing environmental phenomena for understanding the deep interactions between technology, economy, political power, and ecological systems. Unlike other environmental problems whose public visibility depends on sudden catastrophes, acid rain operates as a slow, cumulative, and structural process, whose effects unfold over time and space, silently eroding ecosystems, infrastructure, and human living conditions. From a scientific perspective, acid rain is the result of specific chemical transformations in the atmosphere, primarily linked to the emission of sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides derived from industrial combustion and transportation. However, reducing the phenomenon to a mere sequence of chemical reactions would be conceptually insufficient. Acid rain is simultaneously a historical product of in...

  Lluvia ácida: causas y consecuencias ambientales, sociales y humanas Introducción: la lluvia ácida como síntoma de la modernidad industrial La lluvia ácida constituye uno de los fenómenos ambientales más reveladores para comprender las interacciones profundas entre tecnología, economía, poder político y sistemas ecológicos. A diferencia de otros problemas ambientales cuya visibilidad pública depende de catástrofes súbitas, la lluvia ácida opera como un proceso lento, acumulativo y estructural, cuyos efectos se despliegan a lo largo del tiempo y del espacio, erosionando silenciosamente ecosistemas, infraestructuras y condiciones de vida humanas. Desde el punto de vista científico, la lluvia ácida es el resultado de transformaciones químicas específicas en la atmósfera, vinculadas principalmente a la emisión de óxidos de azufre y nitrógeno derivados de la combustión industrial y del transporte. Sin embargo, reducir el fenómeno a una secuencia de reacciones químicas sería conceptual...

The Nature of Light: Wave or Particle? An Analysis from Classical and Quantum Physics Wave–Particle Duality as a Profound Epistemological Break Wave–particle duality should not be understood as a simple coexistence of two descriptive models applied interchangeably, but rather as a radical epistemological rupture in the way modern science conceives the relationship between theory, reality, and observation. Prior to the twentieth century, physics relied on a relatively stable ontology: objects were assumed to possess well-defined properties independently of observation, and scientific theories aspired to describe those properties as they “really were.” Within the framework of classical physics, light had to be something: either a substance composed of particles or a continuous disturbance propagating through space. The impossibility of coherently reducing light to one of these categories not only destabilized optics, but also challenged the very ideal of scientific objectivity inheri...