José M. Hernández: del trabajo en el campo a las estrellas
José M. Hernández: del trabajo en el campo a las estrellas
José Moreno Hernández (n. 7 de agosto de 1962) es un ingeniero y ex-astronauta mexico-americano. Hijo de trabajadores agrícolas originarios de La Piedad, Michoacán, pasó su infancia ayudando en las cosechas y más tarde desarrolló una carrera en ingeniería que lo llevó al Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory y, finalmente, a ser seleccionado por la NASA (Grupo 19, 2004) y volar en la misión STS-128 en 2009. Su vida es un ejemplo de cómo la educación, la disciplina y la perseverancia cambian destinos.
José Moreno Hernández nació el 7 de agosto de 1962 en French Camp, California (EE. UU.) y considera como ciudad natal a Stockton, California. Su familia es originaria de La Piedad, Michoacán, México.
Desde pequeño vivió la realidad del circuito migrante: parte del año en California trabajando en la cosecha y parte del año en México con su familia en La Piedad. Trabajó en los campos junto a sus padres y hermanos; esto le dio responsabilidad temprana, resistencia física y una perspectiva práctica del esfuerzo. Aprendió inglés de manera tardía (no lo dominó hasta alrededor de los 12 años) y sufrió cambios frecuentes de escuela, circunstancia que superó apoyándose en programas educativos como Upward Bound / TRIO. 1
En la adolescencia se destacó por su interés en la ciencia y la tecnología. Su primer recuerdo claro del espacio es ver la transmisión de la misión Apollo 17 (1972) en TV, y desde entonces se fijó la meta de ser astronauta. Mientras estudiaba, participó en programas como MESA que fomentan la preparación en ingeniería para estudiantes con desventajas educativas.
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Licenciatura (B.S.) en Ingeniería Eléctrica, University of the Pacific — completó su grado en 1984.
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Maestría (M.S.) en Ingeniería Eléctrica y Computación, University of California, Santa Barbara — obtenida en 1986.Estas instituciones jugaron un papel clave: le proporcionaron formación técnica y redes profesionales que más tarde le abrieron puertas en laboratorios y en la propia NASA.
Tras titularse, trabajó en investigación y desarrollo en Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) desde finales de los ’80 hasta 2001, aportando a proyectos de imagenología (incluyendo trabajos que contribuyeron al desarrollo de mamografía digital) y tecnologías para el espacio. Más tarde se incorporó al Johnson Space Center de la NASA en 2001, donde aspiró a integrarse a la tripulación de vuelo.
Hernández solicitó ingresar al cuerpo de astronautas repetidas veces: históricamente se le informa que fue rechazado varias veces (hasta 11 veces) antes de ser seleccionado en mayo de 2004 como parte del Grupo 19 de candidatos a astronauta. Combinó su experiencia como piloto, certificado de buceo (participó como aquanaut en la misión NEEMO 12) y su experiencia técnica para fortalecer su candidatura.
Fue integrante de la misión STS-128 (lanzamiento 28 de agosto de 2009) a bordo del transbordador Discovery; durante ese vuelo realizó tareas como mission specialist y permaneció aproximadamente 13 días en órbita. En esa misión se le reconoció por usar el español desde el espacio en redes sociales, lo cual tuvo alto impacto simbólico para la comunidad hispana.
Después de su retiro de la NASA (14 de enero de 2011), Hernández ha combinado emprendimientos empresariales (por ejemplo, Tierra Luna Engineering, LLC), roles ejecutivos en empresas aeroespaciales, participación pública como conferencista inspiracional y actividades educativas con su fundación Reaching for the Stars. En 2021 fue nombrado Regent (miembro del Board of Regents) de la University of California, posición desde la cual apoya la accesibilidad y la educación STEM. Además, su vida fue llevada al cine en la película A Million Miles Away (2023), lo que amplificó su historia a audiencias masivas. Actualmente continúa dando conferencias en escuelas y universidades, participa en proyectos aeroespaciales y mantiene actividades privadas como viticultor/empresario.
BIOGRAFÍAS (ASTRONAUTAS MEXICANOS)
Nombre |
Nacionalidad / Origen |
Misión(es) (fecha) |
Tiempo en órbita (aprox.) |
Estado actual (al 2025) |
Dedicación actual / notas |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rodolfo Neri Vela |
Mexicano (n. Chilpancingo, Guerrero) |
STS-61B (26 nov – 3 dic 1985). Payload Specialist. |
~165 horas (108 órbitas). |
Retirado (investigador / docente / divulgador). |
Profesor e investigador; divulgación científica en México; figura histórica como primer astronauta mexicano. |
José M. Hernández |
Mexicano-estadounidense (origen La Piedad, Michoacán) |
STS-128 (28 ago – 11 sep 2009). Mission Specialist. |
~13 días en órbita. |
Retirado de la NASA (2011); activo en docencia pública, conferencias y como Regent (University of California). |
Trayectoria: de trabajador agrícola a ingeniero (LLNL) y astronauta; foco en educación y acceso a STEM. |
Ellen Ochoa |
Estadounidense (de ascendencia mexicana) |
STS-56 (1993), STS-66 (1994), STS-96 (1999), STS-110 (2002). |
~950–1,000 horas acumuladas (casi 41 días). |
Retirada de vuelo; ex-directora del Johnson Space Center (2013–2018); receptora de la Presidential Medal of Freedom (2024). |
Investigadora en óptica, inventora con patentes; liderazgo institucional en NASA; referente para mujeres latinas en STEM. |
Katya Echazarreta |
Mexicana (n. Guadalajara) / ciudadana EUA |
Vuelo comercial Blue Origin NS-21 (4 jun 2022); citizen astronaut (no misión NASA). |
Suborbital (~10 min; ~107 km apogeo). |
Activa en divulgación, fundaciones y promoción STEM; ex-ingeniera en JPL (apoyo a misiones NASA). |
Primera mujer nacida en México en viajar al espacio (vuelo comercial); trabajo en JPL y activismo STEM para México. |
Referencias
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National Aeronautics and Space Administration. (2016). José M. Hernández: NASA astronaut (biographical data).
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Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. (2004). Lab engineer José M. Hernández selected as NASA astronaut candidate. LLNL.
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University of the Pacific. (2022). José Hernández biopic: an inspiring tale of perseverance (News). https://www.pacific.edu.
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National Aeronautics and Space Administration. (n.d.). STS-61B mission overview (STS-61B). NASA Mission Pages.
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Rodolfo Neri Vela. (s.f.). Sitio oficial / biografía. http://www.rodolfonerivela.com.mx.
Rodolfo Neri Vela — primer mexicano en el espacio (misión STS-61B, 1985) — aclaración histórica.
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National Space Hall of Fame / New Mexico Museum of Space History. (s.f.). Rodolfo Neri Vela — Inductee profile.National Aeronautics and Space Administration. (s.f.). Ellen Ochoa — NASA biography and career summary.
NASA — Ficha biográfica oficial de José M. Hernández (PDF).
The White House. (2024, May 3). Remarks by President Biden at presentation of the Presidential Medal of Freedom.
Space for Humanity. (2022). Introducing S4H's first citizen astronaut: Katya Echazarreta (announcement).
UCLA Samueli School of Engineering. (2021). UCLA Engineering alumna inspires others through work at NASA JPL (Katya Echazarreta). https://samueli.ucla.edu.
University of the Pacific / UC Santa Barbara — registros y notas sobre su formación y reconocimientos universitarios.
National Aeronautics and Space Administration. (2016). José M. Hernández: NASA astronaut (biographical data).
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. (2004). Lab engineer José M. Hernández selected as NASA astronaut candidate. LLNL.
University of the Pacific. (2022). José Hernández biopic: an inspiring tale of perseverance (News). https://www.pacific.edu.
National Aeronautics and Space Administration. (n.d.). STS-61B mission overview (STS-61B). NASA Mission Pages.
Rodolfo Neri Vela. (s.f.). Sitio oficial / biografía. http://www.rodolfonerivela.com.mx.
Rodolfo Neri Vela — primer mexicano en el espacio (misión STS-61B, 1985) — aclaración histórica.
National Space Hall of Fame / New Mexico Museum of Space History. (s.f.). Rodolfo Neri Vela — Inductee profile.National Aeronautics and Space Administration. (s.f.). Ellen Ochoa — NASA biography and career summary.
NASA — Ficha biográfica oficial de José M. Hernández (PDF).
The White House. (2024, May 3). Remarks by President Biden at presentation of the Presidential Medal of Freedom.
Space for Humanity. (2022). Introducing S4H's first citizen astronaut: Katya Echazarreta (announcement).
UCLA Samueli School of Engineering. (2021). UCLA Engineering alumna inspires others through work at NASA JPL (Katya Echazarreta). https://samueli.ucla.edu.
University of the Pacific / UC Santa Barbara — registros y notas sobre su formación y reconocimientos universitarios.
Texto en Inglés
José M. Hernández: From the Fields to the Stars
José Moreno Hernández (b. August 7, 1962) is a Mexican-American engineer and former NASA astronaut. The son of migrant farmworkers from La Piedad, Michoacán, he spent his early childhood helping with agricultural harvests before building a career in engineering that took him to the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and eventually to NASA (Group 19, 2004). He flew aboard the STS-128 mission in 2009, becoming a symbol of perseverance and educational achievement. His life story exemplifies how education, discipline, and perseverance can transform destinies.
Born in French Camp, California, Hernández considers Stockton, California his hometown. His family’s roots in La Piedad, Michoacán deeply shaped his upbringing.
As a child, he experienced the migrant circuit, spending part of the year in California’s fields and part in Michoacán. Working alongside his parents and siblings instilled in him a strong sense of responsibility, endurance, and work ethic. He learned English relatively late—mastering it around age twelve—while frequently changing schools, a challenge he overcame with the support of educational programs such as Upward Bound and TRIO.
During his adolescence, Hernández developed a deep interest in science and technology. One of his earliest memories of space was watching the Apollo 17 mission (1972) on television, which inspired his dream of becoming an astronaut. As a student, he participated in the MESA program, designed to support underrepresented students pursuing careers in engineering.
He earned a B.S. in Electrical Engineering from the University of the Pacific (1984) and an M.S. in Electrical and Computer Engineering from the University of California, Santa Barbara (1986). These institutions provided the technical foundation and professional networks that opened the doors to his later success in aerospace research.
Hernández joined the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) in the late 1980s, where he contributed to imaging technologies, including advances that helped develop digital mammography and space-related instrumentation. In 2001, he began working at NASA’s Johnson Space Center, pursuing his lifelong goal of becoming an astronaut.
After being rejected eleven times, Hernández was finally selected in May 2004 as part of NASA Astronaut Group 19. He strengthened his profile with certifications as a pilot and scuba diver and participated as an aquanaut in the NEEMO 12 mission, simulating extreme environment work.
His spaceflight came in STS-128 (Discovery), launched on August 28, 2009, where he served as Mission Specialist. The mission lasted nearly 13 days, during which he supported operations aboard the International Space Station (ISS). He made history as one of the first astronauts to speak Spanish from space, inspiring millions of Hispanics worldwide.
Hernández retired from NASA in 2011, later founding Tierra Luna Engineering, LLC, and the Reaching for the Stars Foundation. He has since become a motivational speaker, educator, and advocate for STEM education. In 2021, he was appointed Regent of the University of California, promoting educational accessibility. His life inspired the 2023 biographical film A Million Miles Away, which brought his story to global audiences. Today, Hernández continues to give lectures in schools and universities, supports aerospace projects, and manages a vineyard as part of his entrepreneurial pursuits.
Biography of Mexican astronauts
Rodolfo Neri Vela
Name and Basic Information: Rodolfo Neri Vela (b. February 19, 1952) is a Mexican engineer from Chilpancingo de los Bravo, Guerrero, recognized as the first Mexican citizen to travel to space.
(Source: rodolfonerivela.com.mx)
Early Life and Education: Originally from Guerrero, his family later moved to Mexico City, where he completed his primary and secondary education. He earned a Bachelor’s degree in Communications and Electronics Engineering from the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) in 1975 and pursued postgraduate studies in the United Kingdom — earning an M.Sc. from the University of Essex and a Ph.D. from the University of Birmingham. This international academic training helped shape his scientific career.
(Source: Fundación UNAM)
Professional Career before the Mission: Before his spaceflight, Neri Vela worked as a researcher in telecommunications and antenna systems and was linked to various research institutes in Mexico as well as to academic teaching at UNAM. His expertise in communications engineering was key to his selection for the NASA mission.
(Source: rodolfonerivela.com.mx)
Space Mission and Scientific Contributions: Neri Vela was selected as a Payload Specialist for the STS-61B mission (Space Shuttle Atlantis), which took place from November 26 to December 3, 1985. The mission included the deployment of satellites such as MORELOS-B, along with technological and biological experiments. During the mission, he logged over 165 hours in space and participated in experiments designed by Mexican research teams. The mission was a milestone in Mexico–NASA scientific collaboration.
(Source: NASA)
Post-Mission Activity and Science Outreach: After returning to Earth, Neri Vela resumed his academic and research work in Mexico, serving as a professor, author, and science communicator. He has become a symbolic figure promoting careers in engineering and telecommunications and remains an active advocate for scientific education and space awareness in Mexico.
(Source: rodolfonerivela.com.mx)
Ellen Ochoa (of Mexican Heritage)
Name and Basic Information: Ellen Lauri Ochoa (b. May 10, 1958) was born in Los Angeles, California, and is of Mexican descent through her paternal grandparents from Sonora. She became the first Hispanic woman to travel to space and later served as Director of NASA’s Johnson Space Center.
(Source: NASA)
Early Life and Education: Ochoa excelled academically from a young age. She played the flute and consistently achieved high grades in mathematics and science. She earned a B.S. in Physics from San Diego State University, and both an M.S. and Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering from Stanford University, specializing in optical systems and physics.
(Source: NASA)
Technical Career and NASA Selection: Ochoa worked as a researcher at Sandia National Laboratories and NASA’s Ames Research Center, focusing on optical and imaging systems. She was selected as part of NASA’s Astronaut Class of 1990 and flew on four space missions: STS-56 (1993), STS-66 (1994), STS-96 (1999), and STS-110 (2002), accumulating nearly 1,000 hours in orbit. She later transitioned to leadership roles within NASA, culminating in her tenure as Director of the Johnson Space Center (2013–2018).
(Source: NASA)
Recognitions and Legacy: Ellen Ochoa is a central figure in Hispanic representation in STEM fields. In 2024, she received the Presidential Medal of Freedom for her scientific achievements and leadership at NASA. Her career combines research, spaceflight experience, and high-level institutional management, inspiring generations of women and minorities in science and technology.
(Source: NASA)
Katya Echazarreta —Essential Data and Context (Mexican Engineer, Commercial Flight, and NASA Affiliation)
Name and Basic Information: Katya Celeste Echazarreta (b. 1995) was born in Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico, and emigrated to the United States as a child. She is an electrical engineer who worked at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) on several major space missions.
(Source: Kat Echazarreta)
Education and Early Career: Echazarreta studied at San Diego City College and later earned a B.S. in Electrical Engineering from UCLA. At JPL, she worked as an intern and electronics test lead, contributing to missions such as Perseverance and Europa Clipper, where she specialized in hardware testing and instrumentation.
(Source: samueli.ucla.edu)
Spaceflight and Mission Type: In 2022, she traveled to space aboard Blue Origin’s New Shepard rocket (Mission NS-21) as a citizen astronaut selected by Space for Humanity. This made her the first woman born in Mexico to travel to space. Although her flight was commercial and not a NASA mission, her engineering background at JPL and her advocacy have made her a notable figure in Mexican science and space exploration.
(Source: Space for Humanity)
Post-Flight Activities and Science Outreach: Following her spaceflight, Echazarreta has dedicated herself to STEM outreach, public speaking, and educational initiatives that encourage young Mexicans and Latin Americans to pursue scientific careers. She founded educational projects and programs to expand access to science and technology, becoming a global advocate for inclusion in STEM.
(Source: ABC News)
| Name | Nationality / Origin | Mission(s) (Date) | Time in Orbit | Current Status (as of 2025) | Career Highlights & Contributions |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rodolfo Neri Vela | Mexican (Chilpancingo, Guerrero) | STS-61B (Nov 26 – Dec 3, 1985). Payload Specialist. | ~165 hours (108 orbits) | Retired (professor, researcher, science communicator) | First Mexican citizen in space; deployed the Morelos-B satellite; PhD in telecommunications (University of Birmingham); major promoter of science in Mexico. |
| José M. Hernández | Mexican-American (La Piedad, Michoacán / Stockton, CA) | STS-128 (Aug 28 – Sep 11, 2009). Mission Specialist. | ~13 days | Retired (engineer, educator, UC Regent, entrepreneur) | Migrant background; engineer at LLNL and NASA; advocate for STEM education; subject of film A Million Miles Away. |
| Ellen Ochoa | American (Mexican descent from Sonora) | STS-56 (1993), STS-66 (1994), STS-96 (1999), STS-110 (2002). | ~950–1,000 hours (~41 days) | Retired (former NASA executive, science leader) | First Hispanic woman in space; former Director of Johnson Space Center (2013–2018); recipient of the Presidential Medal of Freedom (2024); Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering (Stanford). |
| Katya Echazarreta | Mexican (Guadalajara, Jalisco) / U.S. citizen | Blue Origin NS-21 (June 4, 2022). Citizen astronaut. | Suborbital (~10 min) | Active (STEM advocate, former JPL engineer) | First Mexican-born woman in space; worked on NASA missions (Perseverance, Europa Clipper) at JPL; global advocate for science education. |
References
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Hernández, J. M. (2023). A Million Miles Away [Film]. Amazon Studios.
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NASA. (2009). STS-128 Mission Overview. NASA Johnson Space Center.
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NASA. (2011). Astronaut José M. Hernández Biography. NASA.gov.
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Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. (2000). Digital Mammography Research Contributions. LLNL Technical Reports.
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University of California. (2021). José M. Hernández Appointed to UC Board of Regents. University of California Office of the President.
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Neri Vela, R. (1986). Experimentos científicos mexicanos en el espacio. UNAM Press.
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NASA. (1985). STS-61B Atlantis Mission Report. NASA Headquarters.
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Ochoa, E. L. (2024). Remarks on receiving the Presidential Medal of Freedom. The White House Archives.
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Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). (2022). Profiles in Engineering: Katya Echazarreta. NASA/JPL-Caltech.
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Space for Humanity. (2022). Blue Origin Mission NS-21 Crew Profiles.










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